466
歐美研究
場的運作，故歐盟認為有必要於食品與飼料產業建立全面的追蹤追
溯系統，以準確地召回問題食品或飼料，避免食安事件不必要的擾
亂
(前言第
28
點、第
29
點)。第
18
條第
1
項規定：「於生產、加
工和配送之所有階段皆應建立可追溯食品、飼料及食用牲畜及其他
添加於食品或飼料之物質之制度。
為追蹤追溯的核心精神。考
量食品和飼料業者應能辨別食品、飼料、食用性牲畜及其他食品或
飼料添加之物質之上下游業者，其具體內容要求「食品和飼料業者
應有追蹤系統和程序，於權責機關要求時提供相關之資訊｣
(第
18
條第
2
項、第
3
項)
即食品業者應負追蹤追溯義務，建檔保存上
游供應商及下游客戶廠商的聯絡資料。
2011
年，歐盟為落實第
18
條，以第
931/2011
號規則
(
Regulation No. 931/2011
)，針對食用性
牲畜來源
(
food of animal origin
)
建置追蹤追溯系統，其中規定食
品業者應揭露資訊範圍包含產品貨號、容量、業者聯絡資訊以及交
貨日期。如往來對象為委託商，不論其為上游或下游，食品業者亦
應保存交易紀錄，避免委託商藉著為他人代辦之名義，行規避追蹤
追溯責任之實
(第
3
條)。
第
178/2002
號規則為一般性規定，歐盟得另行針對需要重點
food-producing animal or substance intended to be, or expected to be incorporated
into a food or feed, through all stages of production, processing and distribution.”
11
第
18
條第
1
項原文：
“The traceability of food, feed, food-producing animals, and any
other substance intended to be, or expected to be, incorporated into a food or feed
shall be established at all stages of production, processing and distribution.”
12
第
18
條第
2
項原文：
“Food and feed business operators shall be able to identify any
person from whom they have been supplied with a food, a feed, a food-producing
animal, or any substance intended to be, or expected to be, incorporated into a food
or feed. To this end, such operators shall have in place systems and procedures which
allow for this information to be made available to the competent authorities on de-
mand.”
