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Researchers Faculty

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  • Publish Date：2016/10/11
    Modify Date：2022/07/26
Chyong-Fang Ko
  • Position：Research Fellow
  • TEL：+886-(02)-37897252
  • FAX：+886-(02)-27827616
  • Email：ko@gate.sinica.edu.tw
  • Assistant’s Name：Ju-Wen Wang
  • Assistant’s Phone：+886-(02)-37897208
  • Assistant’s Email：juwen@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Chyong-Fang Ko

EDUCATION

  • PhD (1987), University of Southern California (USA)
  • MS (1985), University of Southern California (USA)
  • BA (1980), National Chengchi University (Taiwan)

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

  • 1996-present Research Fellow, Institute of European and American Studies
  • 2017-2019 President, Population Association of Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 2012-2018 Director, Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 2011-2013 Jointly Appointed Professor, National Chengchi University/Department of Sociology
  • 2005-2012 Jointly Appointed Professor, Graduate Institute of Hakka Social and Cultural Studies, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taiwan
  • 1998-2001 Deputy Director, Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 1996-2005 Adjunct Professor, National Chengchi University/Department of Sociology
  • 1992-1996 Associate Research Fellow, Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 1989-1996 Adjunct Associate Professor, National Chengchi University/Department of Sociology
  • 1989-1992 Associate Research Fellow, Institute of American Culture, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
  • 1987-1989 Adjunct Associate Professor, Institute of Sociology and Anthropology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
  • 1987-1989 Associate Professor, National Chengchi University/Department of Sociology
  • 2017 (Aug. – Sep.) Visiting Scholar, Geographical Institute of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
  • 2014 (Sep. – Oct.) Visiting Scholar, Department of Statistics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • 2012 (Apr. – May) Visiting Scholar, Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
  • 2010 (May - July.) Visiting Scholar, Institut de Recherche sur le Sud-Est Asiantique (Institute for Research on Southeast Asia, IRSEA), University of Provence, France
  • 2007 (Aug. – Nov.) Affiliated Fellow, International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden, The Netherlands
  • 2006 (Apr.-June) Visiting Scholar, Department of Economic History, Lund University, Sweden
  • 2002 (Oct.-Dec.) Visiting Scholar, Institut National D'études Démographiques (INED), Paris, France
  • 2000 (June-Sep.) Visiting Scholar, Department of Sociology, University of Bielefeld, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle, Germany
  • 1997 (June-Sep.) Visiting Research Fellow, Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, Cambridge University, UK
  • 1994 (April-June) Visiting Scholar, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, USA
  • 1993(June) Visiting Scholar, ICPSR Summer Program, University of Michigan, USA
  • 1991(June-Dec.) Visiting Scholar, Population Research Laboratory, University of Southern California, USA

AREAS OF EXPERTISE

  • Sociology
  • Social demography

PUBLICATIONS

(* in Chinese)

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2021)*. Gender, health and elder care: A comparative study across EU Member States. Taipei: Chuliu Book Co.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2021)*. Ethnic data collection: General trends and challenges. In Wei-An Chang, Mei-Lin Pan & Wei-der Shu (eds.), The craft of Hakka and ethnic studies (pp. 62-98). Hsinchu: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Press.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2019)*. Ethnic data collection: General trends and challenges. Paper presented at the Workshop on the Craft of Hakka and Ethnic Studies. October 4, 2019. Hsinchu, Taiwan: National Chiao Tung University.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2018)*. Environmental Protection vs. Economic Growth: A comparative study of Vietnam and Hungary. Taiwan Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 24, 1: 113-136.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2018). Marital power/resource theory. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeosm028.pub2

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2018). Elder care in societies undergoing depopulation: The cases of Taiwan and Italy. Paper presented at International Seminar on Indicators and Policies of Low Fertility. December 10-11, 2018. Seoul, Korea.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang & Deriu, Fiorenza (2018). Geriatric care in ageing societies: A comparative study of migrant care workers in Italy and Taiwan. Paper presented at International Conference on Population, Family and Health: Global Perspectives. July 18-19, 2018. Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of European and American Studies.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2017). Who take care of the elderly: An east-west comparison. Paper presented at International Workshop on Regional Geography. September 8, 2017. Budapest, Hungary.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2017)*. Geriatric care, gender-role expectations and functions of family: A comparative study of Italy and Taiwan. Academia Sinica E-News, No.526, 1630: 1-2.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2016). Gender-role expectations and fertility rates in EU member states. Sociology and Anthropology, 4, 11: 980-986.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2016). A comparative study of age, health and gender: Hungary and Taiwan. In Janos Vandor & Judit Beke (eds.), The current issues of economic and social integration in Hungary and Taiwan (pp. 239-255). Budapest, Hungary.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang & Yang, Meng-li (2016). Gender gaps in self-perceived quality of health in EU member states: Micro-macro linkages. Paper presented at the International Conference on Family and Health: A Global Perspective. July 26, 2016. Taipei, Taiwan.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2016). A comparative study of age, health and gender: Hungary and Taiwan. Paper presented at the Current Issues of Economic and Social Integration- in Hungary and Taiwan. February 22-23, 2016. Budapest, Hungary.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2015). Gender gap in self-perceived health and health expectancy in EU member states. Paper presented at World Social Science Forum 2015. September 13-16, 2015. Durban, South Africa.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2015). Acceptance of foreign workers: A comparative study of Austria and Taiwan. In Astrid Lipinsky (ed.), Vienna Taiwan studies series: Immigration societies- Taiwan and beyond (pp.153-168). Berlin: LIT.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2014). Gender equality, motherhood expectations, and fertility: EU experiences and Hakka-Hoklo differences. Journal of Hakka Studies, 6, 2: 131-170.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2014)*. Migration trends and attitudes toward immigrants: A comparative study of Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. Interlocution University and Social Engagement, 5: 1-28.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2013). Migration trends and attitudes toward immigrants: A comparative study of Italy, Grace, Spain, and Portugal. Paper presented at the 2013 Taiwanese Sociological Association Conference. December 1, 2013. Taipei, Taiwan.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2013). Comparing familial lives of Vietnamese wives in Taiwan and USA. International Perspectives on Migration, 6: 203-218. 

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2012). Work attitudes and social protection: What Vietnamese and Swedes can learn from each other. Interlocution University and Social Engagement, 2: 1-31.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2012). Marital power relations and family life in transnational marriages: A study of Asian-French couples residing in France. EurAmerica, 42, 2: 249-279.

  • Ko,Chyong-fang (2011)*. All for love: A transnational comparative study of transnational marriages. In Academia Sinica (ed.), Knowledge is Power No.7 (pp.253-282). Taipei: Academia Sinica.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2011, December 7-8)*. Immigration trends and attitudes toward foreign workers in Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. Paper presented at the First Taiwan-China Conference on European Union, Taipei, Taiwan.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2011, December 2). Work attitudes and social protection: What Vietnamese and Swedes can learn from each other. Paper presented at the International Conference on Social Security in Taiwan and Vietnam: Sharing experiences and lessons learned, Hanoi, Vietnam.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2011, September 30 – October 1). Acceptance of foreign workers: A comparative study of Austria and Taiwan. Paper presented at the International Conference on Immigration Societies; A comparative perspective on Austria and Taiwan, Vienna, Austria.

  • Chang, Wei-An, Hanbi Chang, Chyong-fang Ko, and Jing-Ting Liao (2010). Indonesian spouses in Hakka community.  In Hong-Zeng Wang and I-Chung Kung (eds.), Sociological Imagination in Taiwan (pp.257-296). Taipei: Jyu-Liou Press.

  • Chang, Wei-An, Hanbi Chang, Chyong-fang Ko, and Jing-Ting Liao (2010)*. Indonesian spouses in Hakka community.  In Hong-Zeng Wang and I-Chung Kung (eds.), Sociological Imagination in Taiwan (pp.257-296). Taipei: Jyu-Liou Press.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2010). Mapping Gender-Role Expectations in EU Member States. Paper presented at The International Conference on Female Life Course in a Globalizing Society. Taipei, Taiwan. September 30-October 1, 2010.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2010). Value Identities and Power Relationships among Asian-French Couples Residing in France. Paper presented at the International Conference on Migration, Identity, and Social Cohesion in Europe. Taipei: Taiwan. December 15-16, 2010.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2010). Do Economic Conditions Matter? A Cross-National Comparison of Attitudes toward Migrant Workers. Vietnam Social Sciences Review, 4, 138: 80-91..

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2010). Comparing Familial Lives of Vietnamese Wives in Taiwan and USA. Paper presented at the XVII ISA World Congress of Sociology. Gothenburg: Sweden. July 11-17, 2010.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2009). Do Economic Conditions Matter? A Cross-National Comparison of Attitudes toward Migrant Workers. Paper presented at the 2009 VASS-AS Annual Workshop on Mitigation of the Social Impacts of the Financial Crisis and Economic slowdowns, Hanoi: Vietnam. November 30 - December 1, 2009.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2009). Life writing in diaspora: Vietnamese wives in Taiwan and the United States. Paper presented at the First Conference on Contemporary European and American Societies. Institute of European and American Studies, Taipei: Taiwan. September 10-11, 2009.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2009)*. Globalization and value hybridization: Female marriage migtants in Taiwan and The Netherlands.  In Fujii Shizue (ed.), Globalization of Cultural Pass-down (pp.1-31). Taipei: Center for Cross-Cultural Studies, National Chengchi University.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2009). A cross-national study of transnational marriages: A comparative study of American-Vietnamese and Taiwanese-Vietnamese transnational marriages in USA and Taiwan. Paper presented at the International Conference on The New Era of Taiwan-Vietnamese Relationships: Assess, Prospects, and Challenges. Vietnam: Dalat. May 25-26, 2009.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2008). Bring the family back? Comparing cultural values between foreign migrant brides in Taiwan and The Netherlands. Paper presented at the European Population Conference. Spain: Barcelona. July 9-12, 2008.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang and Rueyling Tzeng (2007)*. A comparative study of the spatial agglomeration of foreign and domestic leading firms operating in Taipei. Survey Research: Method and Application 22: 7-37.

  • Chang, Wei-an, Han-pi Chang, Chyong-fang Ko and Jing-ting Liao (2007)*. Indonesian marriage migrants in Hakka community. Paper presented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Studies in Taiwan. Kaohsiung, Taiwan. April 26-27, 2007.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2007). The social values and attitudes toward child raising: a comparatives study of Taiwanese and Vietnamese. Asia Pacific Forum, 37: 130-140.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang and Han-pi Chang (2007)*. A comparative study of the social values of Vietnam, Indonesia, and Taiwan. Taiwan Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 4, 1: 87-108.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang, Kyeung Mi Oh, and Tetsuo Ogawa (2007). Ageing population in East Asia: impacts on social protection and social policy reforms in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. The crisis of welfare in East Asia. Hong Kong: Rowman & Littlefield.

  • Chang, Han-pi and Chyong-fang Ko (2006). Transnational marriage and social reproduction: Comparing Vietnamese and European spouses in Taiwan. In Hsin-Huang Michael Hsiao (ed.), New frontiers of Southeast Asia and Pacific studies (pp.20-33). Taiwan, Taipei: Academia Sinica.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2006). The social values and attitudes toward child raising: A comparative study of Taiwanese and Vietnamese. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Taiwan-Vietnam Economic & Cultural Relations under Regional Integration and Development. Taiwan, Taipei. December 18-19, 2006.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2006). Social expenditures and subjective well-being: A cross-national comparison. Paper presented at the International Workshop on Socio-Economic Security in Later Life: Challenges and Opportunities of Comparative Studies in Social Policy and Its Policy Making in Taiwan, Japan and Hong Kong. Taiwan, Taipei. September 7-8, 2006.

  • Tzeng, Rueyling and Chyong-fang Ko (2006)*. City development and the change of spatial allocation of foreign corporate headquarters in Taipei city. Journal of Taiwan Studies, 1: 111-135.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2006)*. The geriatric and nurturing functions of family: A comparative study of China, Japan, Taiwan, and the EU member states. The NCCU Journal of Sociology, 38: 1-24.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang and Han-pi Chang (2005). Transnational marriage and social reproduction: A comparative study of Vietnamese and European spouses in Taiwan. Paper presented at Conference on New Frontiers of Southeast Asia and Pacific Studies. Taipei: Academia Sinica. November 24-25, 2005.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2005)*. Geriatric strategies under the trend of low fertility and defamilization. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Development of Public Welfare Establishment of a Harmonious Society. Shanghai: Fu-Dan University. November 19-20, 2005.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2004). Country report: Taiwan, Republic of China. ISA, RC-11 Newsletter, Autumn 2004: 12-16.

  • Tzeng, Rueyling and Chyong-fang Ko (2004)*. Mapping global manufacturing industries and services in Taipei city: A spatial portrayal of agglomeration and historical development. Soochow Journal of Sociology, 16: 61-97.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang, Tetsuo, Ogawa, and Kyeung-Mi Oh (2004). Implications of population ageing in East Asia- An analysis of social protection and social policy reforms in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Paper presented at Conference on Ageing Societies and Ageing Sociology: Diversity and Change in Global World. UK: University of Surrey. September 7-9, 2004.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2004). Geriatric care, attitudes toward marriage, and family roles in EU member states. Paper presented at Conference on Demographic and social change: Implications for support and well-being of older people in Europe. Paris: Institut National d’Etudes Demographiques. September 1-3, 2004.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang, and Rueyling Tzeng (2004). Globalization and the local impacts of industrial locations: Spatial patterns of foreign and domestic firms operating in Taiwan. Paper presented at the 36th World Congress of the International Institute of Sociology: Social Change in the Age of Globalization. Beijing, China. July 7-11, 2004.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2004)*. Using ideal living arrangements for the disabled elderly in Europe to investigate the function of family in contemporary society. Paper presented at the 2004 Annual Meeting of Taiwan Population Association. Taipei, 23-24 April, 2004.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2003)*. Geriatric Care in Families under Economic Globalization: An East-West Comparison. Paper presented at the Cross-strait Conference on Chinese Cultural Development and Economic Globalization. Ann-Hui, China. 10-11 November, 2003.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang, and Han-pi Chang (2003). Is the 21st century world economy a passport to development or to sexual exploitation? In Wilma Dunaway (ed.). Crises and resistance in the 21st century world-system (pp. 29-39). Westport, Conn.: Praeger Press.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2003)*. A comparative analysis of social values between the 20th century Chinese and Taiwanese in the 1990s. In Xiaoheng Lu (ed.). Cultural coherence between Taiwan Strait. China (pp. 307-326). Beijing: Economy Management Pub.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang, and Rueyling Tzeng (2002). Mapping global manufacturing and services in Taiwan. Paper presented at the 44th Annual Conference of the American Association for Chinese Studies at the University of Southern California. Los Angeles, California, USA. October 26-27, 2002.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2002). Travel from EU countries to Asia in the emerging global economy. Asian Migrant, January-June: 18-27.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2002)*. A comparative study of social values among Taiwanese and mainland Chinese in the 1990s. Paper presented at the Conference on Multi-culture in China. Guiyabg, Guizhou: Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. September 4-5, 2002.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2002)*. Who cares for the elderly: a comparative study among EU countries, Journal of Population Studies, 24: 1-32.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2002). Asian travel from EU countries in the emerging global economy. Paper presented at the IUSSP Conference on Southeast Asia’s Population in Changing Asian Context. Bangkok, Thailand. June 10-13, 2002.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang, and Su-er Wei (2001)*. Globalization and social polarization: A comparative study of Frankfurt and Taipei. Paper presented at the Workshop on Social Structure and Social Change. Taipei, Taiwan. May 17, 2001.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang, and Han-pi Chang (2001). Is the 21st century world economy a passport to development or to sexual exploitation? Paper presented at the 25th World-System Conference. Virginia, USA. April 19-21, 2001.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2000)*. Who cares for the elderly: a comparative study of Taiwan and Belgium. Paper presented at Chinese Academics and Professionals in Europe, The XII Convention. Brussels, Belgium. July 14-16, 2000.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (2000). Leisure activities and life satisfaction among European elderly. Paper presented at The Second Taiwan-Israel Sociology Workshop. Taipei, Taiwan, January 21-24, 2000.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1999)*. Life satisfaction among the European elderly. Hong Kong Journal of Gerontology,13, 1: 39-52.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1998)*. Why are some more satisfied? A cross-national comparison in the European community. The NCCU Journal of Sociology, 28: 1-24.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1998)*. Intergenerational corporation or intergenerational conflict: geriatric patterns among Chinese and American elderly. In Jun-Han Tsao (ed.), An evaluation of resources distribution policies in the ROC and the U.S. (pp. 211-234). Taiwan, Taipei: Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1996)*. The health status and geriatric needs of European elderly. Hong Kong Journal of Gerontology, 10, 1: 34-40.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1996)*. Intergenerational corporation or intergenerational conflict: A comparative study of Chinese and American social security system. Paper presented at the Conference on the Policy Evaluation of the Distribution of Social Resources among Chinese and American Societies. Taipei: Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica, June 7, 1996.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1995)*. Variables affecting neighborhood.s socioeconomic status: A case study of the San Francisco Bay area. EurAmerica, 25, 4: 69-98.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1995)*. A comparative study of the perceived health status among European elderly.Journal of Public Health, 22, 2: 87-98.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang, and Chin Min Yang (1995)*. Ethnic residential segregation and integration in San Francisco city, 1980-1990. In Jiun-Han Tsao and Chyong-fang Ko (eds.), The development and emerging issues among metropolis (pp. 241-265). Taiwan, Taipei: Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica.

  • Yeng, Wen-shan, and Chyong-fang Ko (1994)*. An empirical test of the health status of Chinese and American elderly. In Jiun-Han Tsao and Chyong-fang Ko (eds.), The health status and geriatric care patterns among Chinese and American elderly (pp. 52-73). Taipei: Institute of European and American Studies, Academia Sinica.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1994)*. The distribution and structural determinants of American homelessness. Journal of Housing Studies, 2: 87-106.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1993). Geriatric Care patterns in an aging society. Paper presented at the International Conference on Chronic Diseases and Changing Care Patterns in An Aging Society. Amsterdam, Netherlands, June 9-11, 1993.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang, and Maurice D. Van Arsdol, Jr (1992)*. Ethnic residential segregation in Los Angeles County.EurAmerica, 22, 3: 67-97.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1992). Less ethnic segregation and more variation: Los Angeles County, 1980-1990.Sociology and Social Research, 76, 3: 127-30.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1992). Chang of Population structure and life quality of elderly: the case of Taiwan. Paper presented at the First International Symposium on Population and the Comprehensive Development of Community. Haiko, China, December 2-3, 1992.

  • Hodge, Robert W., M. D. Van Arsdol, Jr., Chyong-fang Ko, and N. Gorwaney (1992). New patterns of ethnic residential segregation in Los Angeles. In Bernd Hamm (ed.), Progress in social ecology (pp. 216-234). New Delhi: Mittal Publications.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1991)*. Changes of American.s attitudes toward global population control. American Monthly, 5, 10: 113-127.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1991)*. Americans attitudes toward China.s one-child policy. In Cheng-yi Lin (ed.), Sino-American relations, 1988-1989 (pp. 209-229). Taiwan, Taipei: Institute of American Culture, Academia Sinica.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1991)*. American women.s attitudes toward euthanasia and suicide. In Shin-Yu Kuo (ed.),Proceedings of the conference on American women and society (pp. 193-237). Taiwan, Taipei: Institute of American Culture, Academia Sinica.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1991)*. Americans attitudes toward euthanasia and suicide in late 1980s. American Studies, 21, 2: 25-60.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1990)*. A profile of American homeless. American Monthly, 4, 11: 78-88.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1989)*. The determinants of American.s filial responsibility. American Monthly, 4, 3: 101-113.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1987). The determinants of socioeconomic status of residential neighborhoods: An empirical test of Duncan.s GASP model. The NCCU Journal of Sociology, 23: 81-105.

  • Martin, Mary E., Chyong-fang Ko, and Vern L. Bengtson (1987). Does filial responsibility run in families? Paper presented at the 40th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, Washington, D.C. November, 1987.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang (1987). The impact of accessibility on the stability and change of residential neighborhoods: a case study of the San Francisco Bay area of California. Chinese Journal of Sociology, 11: 149-162.

  • Martin, Mary E., Chyong-fang Ko, and Vern L. Bengtson (1987). Filial Responsibility and patterns of caregiving in three generation families. Paper presented at the Pacific Sociological Association, Session on Aging. Eugene, Oregon, April 8-11, 1987.

  • Martin, Mary E., Donna Polisar, Chyong-fang Ko, and Vern L. Bengtson (1985). Patterns of caregiving in three generation families. Paper presented at the 38th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Gerontological Society of America. New Orleans, Louisiana. November 22-26, 1985.

  • Ko, Chyong-fang, David M. Heer and Hsin-in Wu (1985). Social and biological determinants of age in first marriage in Taiwan, 1970. Social Biology, 32: 115-28.
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