歐盟對於國際海洋法秩序之影響及其實踐
103
ritorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone; TSC
)、
12
公海公約
(
Conven-
tion on the High Seas; HSC
)、
13
大陸礁層公約
(
Convention on the
Continental Shelf; CCS
)
14
以及捕魚及養護公海生物資源公約
(
Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of
the High Seas; HFC
),
15
合稱日內瓦海洋法四大公約,本次會議亦
通過強制解決爭端任擇議定書
(
Optional Protocol of Signature
concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes
)。
16
這些公約並
未因後來通過新規範而被取代,流於失效。
當時的歐體會員國,包含法國、德國、義大利、荷蘭、比利時、
盧森堡等
6
國,均派員出席本次會議,其他重要歐洲國家亦同,包
含英國、愛爾蘭、西班牙、葡萄牙等
(
United Nations, 2009
)。惟不
論是歐體或歐盟本身,均未簽署或批准這些公約與議定書。若個別
觀之,主要歐體國家亦未全然接受這些公約與議定書,除了內陸國
盧森堡以外,例如,德國並未加入領海及鄰接區公約以及捕魚及養
護公海生物資源公約;法國並未加入領海及鄰接區公約;義大利並
未加入大陸礁層公約、捕魚及養護公海生物資源公約與強制解決爭
12
1958 Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone, adopted on 29
April 1958, entered into force on 10 September 1964, 516 U.N.T.S. 205
(
1958
)
.
13
1958 Convention on the High Seas, adopted on 29 April 1958, entered into force on
30 September 1962, 450 U.N.T.S. 11
(
1958
)
.
14
1958 Convention on the Continental Shelf, adopted on 29 April 1958, entered into
force on 10 June 1964, 499 U.N.T.S. 311
(
1958
)
.
15
1958 Convention on Fishing and Conservation of the Living Resources of the High
Seas, adopted on 29 April 1958, entered into force on 20 March 1966, 559 U.N.T.S.
285
(
1958
)
.
16
1962 Optional Protocol of Signature concerning the Compulsory Settlement of
Disputes, adopted on 30 September 1962, entered into force on 3 January 1963, 450
U.N.T.S. 169
(
1962
)
.