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美國食品安全現代化法淺析
357
(
四
)
食品追蹤追溯與紀錄留存備查
雖然食品追蹤追溯為食品安全監管體系之重要構成要件，
FSMA
並未課予
FDA
成立食品追查制度之義務。
FSMA
指示
FDA
應加強監管體系以及考慮建立食品追查系統，追蹤及追溯食物供應
鏈之歷史與產品流向，並進行長期監督，利用更豐富資料來源，有
效執行風險控管及查驗工作。依據
FSMA
的規定，
FDA
應於新法生
效九個月內制定試驗性計畫
(
pilot projects
)，研究快速有效辨認食
品業者與食用者的方法，以預防或減輕食物中毒事件、解決食品汙
染或攙假所帶來之嚴重健康影響。
44
具體而言，
FDA
應確保此等試
驗性計畫可反映食品供應之多樣性，並包含至少三種前五年間引發
重大食安事件之食品，以發展迅速有效之食品追蹤追溯方法
(
methods for rapid and effective tracking and tracing of foods
)，以及
有助於加強食品追蹤追溯之科技。
45
此外，
FDA
應視情況所需，建
立產品追查系統
(
product tracing system
)，以提高
FDA
快速、有效
44
21 U.S.C. 2223
(
a
)(
1
)
(
as amended by FSMA § 204
)
.
45
21 U.S.C. 2223
(
a
)(
2
)
(
as amended by FSMA § 204
)
:
(
2
)
CONTENT—The Secretary shall conduct 1 or more pilot projects under para-
graph
(
1
)
in coordination with the processed food sector and 1 or more such pilot
projects in coordination with processors or distributors of fruits and vegetables that are
raw agricultural commodities. The Secretary shall ensure that the pilot projects under
paragraph
(
1
)
reflect the diversity of the food supply
and
include at least 3 different
types of foods that
have been the subject of significant outbreaks during the 5-year
period preceding the date of enactment of this Act, and
are selected in order to—
(
A
)
develop and demonstrate methods for rapid and effective tracking and tracing of
foods in a manner that is practicable for facilities of varying sizes, including small
businesses;
(
B
)
develop and demonstrate appropriate technologies, including technologies existing
on the date of enactment of this Act, that enhance the tracking and tracing of
food; and
(
C
)
inform the promulgation of regulations under subsection
(
d
)
.