

“
Exploring the dynamics
”
57
study their rationales for collaborating with local governments
in order to thoroughly understand cross-sector collaboration.
Moreover, collaboration is a strategy for local governments to
effectively and efficiently respond to any expected and
unexpected emergencies and decrease local disaster
vulnerability. In other words, the impacts of collaboration must
be examined and not just be viewed as the end goal. This study
also suggests that future research further investigate the effects
of three types of collaboration on improvements in local EM
performance related to stages of mitigation, preparedness,
response, and recovery.