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“
Exploring the dynamics
”
47
Figure 2 Practitioners’ Viewpoint about the Drivers of Local EM
Collaboration
Source: The author of this study.
and horizontal EM collaboration, local governments vertically
work more closely with state government than they do with
federal agencies, which follows the local-state-federal structure
that is traditionally designed under the system of American-
style federalism. It is interesting to find horizontal collaboration
being used more vigorously than vertical collaboration.
•
Hazard recognition
•
Stay in touch with partners
•
NIMS system and mutual aid program
•
Emergency managers’ capability and leadership
•
Building relationships
•
Disaster magnitude
•
Geographic and demographic factors of County and City
•
Vertical
collaboration
•
Horizontal-
interlocal
collaboration
•
Horizontal-
intersectoral
collaboration
Local governments’ EM capacity
Rationales for
Vertical Collaboration
•
Legal requirements
•
Grant purposes
•
Seek resources
•
Training purposes
•
Information and
voice exchanges
Rationales for
Horizitonal-intersectoral
Collaboration
•
Seek resources
•
Request intelligence
•
Provide consultations
Rationales for
Horizontal-interlocal
Collaboration
•
Legal requirements
•
Grant purposes
•
Seek resources
•
Provide resources
•
Information and
intelligence
exchanges
•
Risk similarity