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388

歐美研究

VQIP

企業準則中維持以下說明:若進口商僅符合

VQIP

企業準則之

定義,而非

FSVP

下所稱之進口商時,該

VQIP

進口商須確保

FSVP

進口商遵守相關規定。

157

故最終企業準則其實並未解決雙重定義

問題,另一方面,對

VQIP

進口商而言,確保

FSVP

進口商遵守相

關規定之要求,可能既不合理也不切實際。

158

經濟全球化係近年食品安全事件層出不窮之重要背景因素,國

際間頻繁的商品、服務、人員與資本流動,亦使食品安全問題嵌入

無國界之全球化體系中。全球委外商業模式驅使下,初端食品製造

業者與終端消費者間之食品供應鏈綿長且複雜,各個國家與地區中

不同業者分別參與食品供應鏈之不同階段,從育種、農牧場、製造、

加工、運輸、再加工、再運輸、批發、零售直至消費者餐桌,致使

進口食品安全管制面臨極大挑戰,已如前述。美國

FSMA

立法者於

此食品安全治理全球化趨勢中,透過包含外國供應商查證、自願性

合格進口商計畫、第三方認驗證等諸多創新管制模式,並大幅擴張

FDA

之監管權限。本文以

FSMA

立法改革主軸、規範架構及重要條

these liabilities. Doing so will add time and cost to change fundamental systems

such as Purchase Order Management tools.”

)

.

157

FDA, FDA’

S

Voluntary Qualified Importer Program: Guidance For Industry, at 8-9

(

2016

)

.

158

American Feed Industry Association, Comment on Proposed Rule on Accredited

Third-Party Certification, FDA-2011-N-0144-0047

(

“It is not practical, nor rea-

sonable, to expect that a VQIP importer be responsible for ensuring the FSVP im-

porter’s compliance with the applicable FSVP regulations if the VQIP importer and

the FSVP importer are not one and the same.”

)

; Chih-Hung Lin, Comment on

Proposed Rule on Accredited Third-Party Certification, FDA-2011-N-0144-0028

(

“In practice, it would be technically impossible for the foreign supplier to ‘ensure’

his/her FSVP or HACCP importer is in compliance with the applicable FSVP or

HACCP regulations, particularly when the foreign supplier is a small sized firm or

beginner in the United States market.”

)

.