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Appendix A: Missing data
Some countries from the LIS database have been excluded
from the final analysis for the following reasons. The 2010 wave of
data is not available for Belgium, China, and Sweden. The income
data of Hungary, Georgia, Greece, Italy, and Russia were collected
net of taxes and social security contributions and thus I am not able
to estimate BTST income poverty and welfare effectiveness based
on these data files. In addition, I exclude India, South Africa, and
South American countries because these countries generally have a
lower national income and their poverty patterns may be less
comparable to those observed in most high-income countries
.
Some countries, such as Israel, that are less likely to fit into in the
welfare regime types outlined here (Lewin-Epstein, Adler, &
Semyonov, 2004), are also excluded from the analysis.
In addition, respondents are excluded if data are missing on
their BTST income (LIS-harmonized measure, including total
payments from labor, property, and social or private transfers),
total social transfer income (LIS-harmonized, including social
security, disability, family benefits, etc.), after tax and transfer
income (LIS-harmonized), and individual and household
characteristics (e.g. the age and gender of the respondent, the
relation of the respondent to household head, the numbers of
children and adults in the household, and the gender, age, and
partnership of household head). The missing cases account for less
than 7% of the survey sample of each country.